India’s Biodiversity Drive: 1,134 Protected Areas, 2.76 Lakh Biodiversity Committees and All

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Ziraat Times Team Report

New Delhi, June 5: India has significantly strengthened its biodiversity conservation framework through an extensive network of local institutions, expanded protected areas and species conservation programmes, according to a report released by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change on World Environment Day.

The report highlights India’s progress in biodiversity governance, conservation and community participation, describing biodiversity as central to food security, climate resilience, livelihoods and ecological stability.

According to the report, India has established more than 2.76 lakh Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) and prepared over 2.72 lakh People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs), documenting local species, ecosystems and traditional knowledge across the country.

India’s biodiversity governance is based on a three-tier structure under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, with the National Biodiversity Authority operating at the national level, State Biodiversity Boards and Union Territory Biodiversity Councils at the regional level, and Biodiversity Management Committees functioning at the grassroots level.

The report notes that the framework was further strengthened through amendments to the Biological Diversity Act in 2023 to support research, innovation, traditional knowledge-based practices and improved governance.

India has also aligned its biodiversity policies with global commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which seeks to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030.

Among the major achievements highlighted in the report is the expansion of forest and tree cover to about 8.27 lakh square kilometres, accounting for 25.17 per cent of the country’s geographical area. The country now has more than 1,134 protected areas covering nearly 1.88 lakh square kilometres.

The report also points to notable gains in wildlife conservation. India’s tiger population has increased from 2,226 in 2014 to 3,682 in the latest assessment, reflecting the success of conservation measures undertaken by agencies including the National Tiger Conservation Authority and state forest departments.

To strengthen scientific monitoring and biodiversity assessments, institutions such as the Zoological Survey of India, Botanical Survey of India and Forest Survey of India continue to play a key role in documenting species diversity and monitoring ecosystems.

The report further highlights progress under the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) mechanism, which regulates access to biological resources and ensures equitable sharing of benefits with local communities. Since 2017, India has issued 12,830 approvals under the ABS framework, while nearly ₹145 crore has been released to beneficiaries, including around 11,000 Biodiversity Management Committees.

Officials said a nationwide campaign is underway to update, verify and digitise People’s Biodiversity Registers into electronic formats, strengthening documentation of local biodiversity and traditional knowledge.

The report also underlines the role of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2024-2030), which aligns India’s conservation efforts with international biodiversity targets and provides a roadmap for coordinated action across government agencies and local institutions.

Looking ahead, the government said biodiversity conservation would remain central to India’s sustainable development agenda, with continued emphasis on forest conservation, species recovery, ecosystem restoration, biodiversity financing and community-led stewardship.

The report concludes that India’s biodiversity strategy seeks to balance ecological protection with economic development, ensuring that conservation, livelihoods and long-term environmental resilience advance together.

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