Recent color change in Kashmir pine trees: No need for alarm 

By: Danish Khan, SFS

Kashmir’s forests are dominated by majestic conifers like Deodar, Pine, Silver Fir, and Spruce, interspersed with broadleaved species such as Ash, Maple, and Horse Chestnut. Unlike deciduous trees, which shed their leaves in autumn, conifers retain their needles year-round—though their appearance can change with the seasons.

Recently, a striking transformation has been observed in the pine forests of Tral, Tangmarg, and Rafiabad, where trees have taken on shades of yellow and brown. This phenomenon has caused concern among locals, who fear that the trees may be dying. However, experts clarify that this seasonal discoloration is a natural winter adaptation rather than a sign of disease or decline.

Why are pines turning yellow and brown?

The current browning is primarily due to winter desiccation—a process where trees struggle to absorb water because of frozen soil, dry spells, and fluctuating temperatures. While conifers retain their needles, they continue to lose moisture through transpiration, leading to a water deficit. To conserve energy, trees break down chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for their green color, revealing underlying yellow and brown pigments such as carotenoids and anthocyanins. This is a natural survival strategy that helps them endure harsh winter conditions.

Scientific backing

Studies published in Forest Ecology and Management and the International Journal of Biometeorology have documented this seasonal color change as a reversible adaptation rather than a sign of damage. As temperatures rise and soil moisture increases in spring, the trees naturally regain their lush green color.

When should we be concerned?

While seasonal yellowing is normal and temporary, excessive needle drop, persistent browning beyond spring, or visible signs of fungal infections, pest infestations, or root damage may indicate underlying stress or disease. In such cases, expert assessment is necessary.

Nature’s Resilience

With the arrival of spring rains and rising temperatures, these pines will recover, demonstrating their remarkable resilience. There is no cause for alarm—this winter transformation is simply a natural part of their life cycle.

The writer is Divisional Forest Officer, Planning and Publicity Division, Srinagar. Views expressed are his own.