Agricultural Census and its Impact on Jammu & Kashmir

By Mohammad Amin Mir

Agriculture and its allied sectors are the backbone of Jammu and Kashmir’s economy, contributing approximately 50% to the region’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). Over 70% of the population, exceeding 1.25 crore, relies on these sectors directly or indirectly for livelihood. The state’s agro-climatic diversity—ranging from cold arid to temperate, intermediate, and sub-tropical zones—offers immense agricultural potential, despite its challenges. The Agricultural Census is a critical tool in assessing and addressing these opportunities and hurdles, ensuring data-driven policy interventions.

The Role of the Agricultural Census

Since its inception in 1970-71, the Agricultural Census has been conducted quinquennially to gather essential data on agricultural holdings, their size, and operational details. The 11th Agricultural Census, initiated in 2021-22, marks a technological leap, employing digital tools such as web portals and mobile apps for real-time data collection. This shift from traditional pen-and-paper methods ensures enhanced accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility.

Agriculture in Jammu and Kashmir: Features and Challenges

The average landholding size in J&K is 0.545 hectares, much smaller than the national average of 1.66 hectares. Over 93% of farmers are subsistence cultivators.

Major crops include rice, maize, and wheat. There is also a growing focus on cash crops such as saffron, vegetables, aromatic plants, high-value seeds.

The state supports a variety of crops, including fruits (apples, walnuts, apricots), oilseeds, pulses, and vegetables, owing to its diverse climatic zones.

Challenges

Remoteness, soil fragility, limited irrigation, and short growing seasons reduce productivity.

Over half of the cultivable area remains unirrigated.

Small landholdings, inadequate mechanization, poor post-harvest management, and limited market access hamper profitability.

Environmental Concerns:

Issues like soil erosion, water scarcity, and loss of genetic diversity threaten sustainability.

Labour Shortages:

Young generations are shifting away from agriculture due to low returns, seeking urban-centered employment opportunities.

Significance of the Census in addressing challenges

The Agricultural Census provides critical data for identifying and addressing these issues. The adoption of digital tools in the 11th Census has streamlined the process, ensuring real-time validation and better planning capabilities.

Phases II and III of the 11th Agricultural Census have been launched in J&K, with training provided to revenue and agricultural field staff. Tools like the NIELET Kolkata-developed web portal and mobile application are being used for data collection.

Recommendations for Effective Implementation

Inter-Departmental Coordination:

Collaborative efforts between the agriculture and revenue departments are essential.

Inclusive Field Operations:

Active involvement of Patwaris, Girdawar Quanoongoes, Lambardars, and Chowkidars in data collection.

Data Validation:

Cross-verification of census data with digital revenue records to ensure reliability.

Accountability and Training:

Adequate training for field staff, along with accountability mechanisms, to enhance data accuracy.

Tp sum up, agriculture forms the backbone of Jammu & Kashmir’s economy, and the Agricultural Census serves as a pivotal tool in shaping its future. Effective implementation, backed by coordination and accountability, can unlock the sector’s true potential, addressing its challenges and improving the livelihoods of millions.

Author is Office Patwari, Tehsil Office Qazigund