New Delhi, June 8: India has witnessed a significant expansion of welfare coverage and social protection programmes over the past decade, with nearly 25 crore people moving out of multidimensional poverty between 2013-14 and 2022-23, according to figures released by the Government of India on Monday.
In a detailed assessment titled “Empowering the Poor: A Decade of Inclusive Transformation”, the government said multidimensional poverty declined from 29.17 per cent in 2013-14 to 11.28 per cent in 2022-23, representing a reduction of 17.89 percentage points. The report attributes the improvement to expanded welfare delivery, social protection measures, infrastructure development, digital governance reforms and targeted interventions for vulnerable communities.
The government figures also indicate that average inflation declined from 8.1 per cent during 2004-2014 to 5.1 per cent during 2014-2025, which it said contributed to greater price stability and improved purchasing power.
Expansion of water, sanitation and hygiene coverage
According to the government, access to water, sanitation and hygiene services has expanded substantially during the period.
Under the Jal Jeevan Mission, launched in 2019, rural household tap water coverage increased from 3.23 crore households in August 2019 to 15.84 crore households by May 2026, covering 81.87 per cent of the country’s 19.35 crore rural households. Government data show that 2.77 lakh villages achieved 100 per cent tap water coverage under the Har Ghar Jal campaign.
The report states that budget allocations for the programme increased by nearly 488 per cent between 2020-21 and 2026-27, reaching ₹67,670 crore.
In Aspirational Districts, tap water coverage reportedly rose from 23.62 lakh households in August 2019 to 2.20 crore households by May 2026. Government figures also show that 1.11 crore households in Aspirational Blocks had gained access to tap water by May 2026.
The government further reported major improvements in institutional water connectivity. Schools with tap water connections increased from 29,711 in August 2019 to 9.23 lakh by May 2026, while Anganwadi centres with tap water rose from 15,464 to 9.66 lakh. Tap water connectivity was extended to 3.93 lakh Gram Panchayats and Community Health Centres, covering 77.27 per cent of such institutions.
Swachh Bharat Mission achievements
The report highlights sanitation as another major focus area.
Under Swachh Bharat Mission-Grameen, more than 12.11 crore household toilets have been constructed. Rural sanitation coverage increased from 39 per cent in 2014 to 100 per cent in 2019, following which India was declared Open Defecation Free (ODF).
As of March 2026, more than five lakh villages had achieved ODF Plus (Model) status. Government figures show that solid waste management systems are operational in 5.31 lakh villages, while liquid and greywater management systems are functioning in 5.50 lakh villages. A total of 2,415 plastic waste management units have been established across 5,482 blocks.
The GOBARdhan initiative also expanded significantly, with operational biogas plants increasing from 14 in 2018-19 to more than 1,213 by May 2026.
In urban areas, the government reported that door-to-door waste collection rose from 43 per cent in 2014 to 98 per cent in 2026. Waste processing increased from 16 per cent to 82 per cent during the same period.
Under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban, 63.74 lakh household toilets and 6.36 lakh community and public toilets were constructed. The government reported that 4,692 cities have achieved ODF status, while 4,314 cities are certified ODF+ and 1,973 ODF++.
Clean cooking fuel and electrification
The government said that access to clean cooking fuel expanded substantially through the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
As of May 2026, more than 10.57 crore free LPG connections had been provided to women from below-poverty-line households. Total LPG connections in the country increased from 14.52 crore in 2014 to 33.39 crore in 2026, representing growth of nearly 130 per cent.
The report also highlighted the Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana launched in 2024. According to government figures, 36.8 lakh households had benefited from the scheme by April 2026, while rooftop solar installations increased from 6.3 lakh in December 2024 to 30 lakh by April 2026.
On electrification, the government stated that all willing households were electrified under the Saubhagya scheme by March 2019, while 100 per cent village electrification was achieved by 2025.
Average daily electricity supply in rural areas increased from 12.5 hours in 2014 to 22.6 hours in 2025, while urban supply improved from 22.1 hours to 23.4 hours.
Healthcare expansion through Ayushman Bharat
The government described Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana as the world’s largest publicly funded healthcare scheme.
As of May 2026, 43.93 crore Ayushman Cards had been issued. Hospital admissions under the scheme reportedly increased from 29.96 lakh in June 2019 to 12.03 crore by May 2026, with treatments worth ₹1.80 lakh crore.
The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission has generated 88.33 crore ABHA digital health accounts and linked approximately 97.81 crore health records.
According to the report, more than 1.85 lakh Ayushman Arogya Mandirs facilitated 540 crore visits, while 7.41 crore citizens benefited from affordable medicines through AMRIT outlets.
The government also reported that more than 1.20 crore senior citizens had enrolled under the Ayushman Bharat Vay Vandana Yojana, receiving 13.84 lakh treatments worth over ₹3,000 crore.
Healthcare infrastructure expanded during the period as well. The number of AIIMS institutions approved and operational increased from eight between 1947 and 2014 to fifteen during 2014-2026.
Improvements in maternal and child health
Government figures show that over seven crore antenatal check-ups have been conducted under the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan. Mission Indradhanush immunised 5.46 crore children and 1.32 crore pregnant women.
The Maternal Mortality Ratio declined from 130 per 100,000 live births during 2014-16 to 88 during 2021-23.
National Family Health Survey data cited in the report show that first-trimester antenatal care visits increased from 59 per cent to 76.2 per cent, while the proportion of women receiving at least four antenatal visits rose from 51 per cent to 65.2 per cent.
Food security and digital ration distribution
The government said the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana currently provides free foodgrains to more than 81 crore beneficiaries and has been extended for five years from January 2024.
The Public Distribution System has undergone extensive digitisation. According to the report, 99.8 per cent of fair price shops are now automated for Aadhaar-based distribution, while ration cards have been fully digitised across all states and Union Territories.
The One Nation One Ration Card initiative has enabled more than 2.07 billion transactions nationwide.
The government also approved the SARTHAK-PDS scheme in May 2026 with an allocation of ₹25,530 crore to strengthen foodgrain distribution logistics.
Nutrition indicators have also improved, according to NFHS-6 data cited by the government. Child stunting declined from 38.4 per cent to 29.3 per cent, wasting from 21 per cent to 19 per cent, and underweight prevalence from 35.8 per cent to 31.8 per cent.
Education and gender inclusion
The report highlights progress in educational access and infrastructure under Samagra Shiksha.
More than 4,000 schools have been upgraded, while 1.49 lakh ICT and digital learning initiatives, including smart classrooms, have been implemented. Around 25,000 schools have been covered under skill education programmes.
Government data show that 97.3 per cent of schools now have functional girls’ toilets. More than 1.39 lakh separate toilets for girls have been constructed since 2014-15.
Female dropout rates at the primary level declined from 4.6 per cent in 2013-14 to 0.3 per cent in 2024-25. At the secondary level, dropout rates fell from 14.5 per cent to 11.5 per cent.
Gross Enrolment Ratio at the higher secondary level increased from 46.4 per cent in 2014-15 to 58.4 per cent in 2024-25.
The report also cites improvements under the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao programme. The sex ratio improved from 943 females per 1,000 males in Census 2011 to 1,020 females per 1,000 males by 2021, according to government figures. Girls’ secondary school enrolment increased from 75.51 per cent to 80.2 per cent during the period.
Housing, roads and infrastructure
Under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban, over 98.10 lakh houses were completed between 2015 and 2026. A total of 1.25 crore houses have been sanctioned with an outlay of ₹8.77 lakh crore.
The government reported that around 96 per cent of houses under PMAY-U 2.0 are registered in the name of women.
In rural areas, 3.91 crore houses were sanctioned and 3.03 crore completed under PMAY-Gramin by May 2026. Around 75 per cent of beneficiaries are women.
Under PMGSY, 99.6 per cent of eligible habitations have been connected through all-weather roads. The scheme has connected nearly 6.96 lakh facilities, including markets, schools and health centres.
The completed road length increased from 3.86 lakh kilometres during 2000-2014 to 4.11 lakh kilometres during 2014-2026, while completed bridges increased from 484 to 10,256.
Digital governance and financial inclusion
The government said BharatNet has extended broadband connectivity to 2.19 lakh Gram Panchayats.
The eGramSwaraj platform has processed cumulative payments exceeding ₹3 lakh crore, while UPI transactions have expanded from fewer than 100 crore annually to more than 2,100 crore monthly transactions.
Financial inclusion programmes have also expanded significantly. Jan Dhan accounts increased from 17.9 crore in 2015 to 58.16 crore by May 2026, holding deposits of ₹3.02 lakh crore.
Under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, cumulative loan accounts crossed 57 crore. According to government figures, 66 per cent of loans were sanctioned to women and 49 per cent to entrepreneurs belonging to SC, ST and OBC communities.
Women-led livelihoods and employment generation
The government highlighted the expansion of self-help groups under the National Rural Livelihoods Mission.
Women participating in SHGs increased from 2.37 crore to 10 crore, while the number of SHGs rose from 21.31 lakh to 91.75 lakh. Loan disbursement expanded from ₹22,944 crore to ₹1.2 lakh crore.
Under the Lakhpati Didi initiative, launched in 2023, 3.07 crore rural women have reportedly become entrepreneurs.
The employment guarantee programme, now known as the Viksit Bharat-Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin), generated 3,036.7 crore person-days between 2014 and 2025, compared with 1,660 crore person-days during 2006-14. Women’s participation increased from 48 per cent to 58.19 per cent.
Tribal development initiatives
The government also highlighted progress in tribal development through PM-JANMAN and related programmes.
Under PM-JANMAN, 2.66 lakh houses, 1,949 kilometres of roads and 750 mobile medical units had been completed by February 2026. The programme also provided tap water to 8,473 villages and electrified 1.36 lakh households.
Eklavya Model Residential Schools increased from 129 operational schools in 2014-15 to 499 by May 2026, with enrolment reaching 1.54 lakh students.
Government’s assessment
According to the report, the expansion of welfare programmes, digital governance systems, housing, health services, sanitation, education, livelihood support and infrastructure has transformed service delivery and reduced deprivation across multiple dimensions.
The government stated that the country’s welfare framework has evolved toward saturation-based coverage supported by technology-enabled delivery systems, direct benefit transfers and women-led development initiatives. It said these interventions have strengthened access to essential services, expanded livelihood opportunities and improved the quality of life for vulnerable households across rural and urban India.
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